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   Using Linear Thinking to Develop Ideas Tool 1: Explanation  Tool 2: Effect Tool 3:Example Tool 4: Hypothesis A. Tool 1: Explanation by providing reasons (this because ...; the reason for this is that....)    and/or clarify (this means that...; S+V, which means that...; In other words, S V). A1. Explanation: Provide a reason to explain the idea ( of the topic) Many cities are facing the problem of housing shortage . This is because the urban population is witnessing significant growth. Perhaps one of the most important factors leading to a world full of plastic is the growth of consumerism. → This is because consumer items have become relatively cheap:    Error: Incomplete explanation.  Perhaps one of the most important factors leading to  a world full of plastic is the growth of consumerism. →  This because consumer items have become relatively cheap, meaning that people do not hesitate to throw them away even if they remain u...